Immunohistochemistry
A Diagnostic Modality Supporting Anatomic Pathology
The Stanford Immunodiagnosis Laboratory provides clinical testing on surgical, cytology, and frozen muscle biopsy specimens for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. We offer an extensive list of immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization assays that detect tumor markers, enzymes and infectious agents.
Immunohisto chemistry
Special Stains
Enzyme Histochemistry Stains
Insitu Hybridization Stains
Neuropath Frozen
Immunohistochemistry Stains


Special Stains
AB |
Alcian Blue Stain |
AFB |
AFB Stain |
Alcian Blue |
Alcian blue-PAS |
Bielschovsky |
Bielschovsky |
Colloidal iron |
Colloidal iron |
Congo Red |
Congo Red for Amyloid |
CU |
Copper |
EVG |
Elastic Van Gieson |
FE |
Iron Stain |
FITE |
Fite Stain |
GIEM |
Giemsa |
GMS |
GMS Stain |
Gram |
Gram |
Jones |
Jones Stain |
-
AB
Alcian Blue Stain
-
AFB
AFB Stain
-
Alcian Blue
Alcian blue-PAS
-
Bielschovsky
Bielschovsky
-
Colloidal iron
Colloidal iron
-
Congo Red
Congo Red for Amyloid
-
CU
Copper
-
EVG
Elastic Van Gieson
-
FE
Iron Stain
-
FITE
Fite Stain
-
GIEM
Giemsa
-
GMS
GMS Stain
-
Gram
Gram
-
Jones
Jones Stain
KB |
Kluver-Barrera Stain |
LFB |
LFB |
Melanin |
Melanin |
Mucicarmine |
Mucicarmine |
Oil-red-O |
Oil-red-O |
PAS |
PAS Stain |
PASd |
PAS with diastase |
PASdf |
PAS Stain/Frozen tissue with distase |
Reticulin |
Reticulin |
Toluidine Blue |
Toluidine Blue |
Trichrome |
Trichrome Stain |
von Kossa |
von Kossa |
Warthin Starry |
Warthin Starry |
-
KB
Kluver-Barrera Stain
-
LFB
LFB
-
Melanin
Melanin
-
Mucicarmine
Mucicarmine
-
Oil-red-O
Oil-red-O
-
PAS
PAS Stain
-
PASd
PAS with diastase
-
PASdf
PAS Stain/Frozen tissue with distase
-
Reticulin
Reticulin
-
Toluidine Blue
Toluidine Blue
-
Trichrome
Trichrome Stain
-
von Kossa
von Kossa
-
Warthin Starry
Warthin Starry
Enzyme Histochemistry
AD |
Adenylate Deaminase |
ALKPH |
Alkaline Phosphastase |
ATP4.3 |
ATPase 4.3 |
ATP4.6 |
ATPase 4.6 |
ATP9.4 |
ATPase 9.4 |
-
AD
Adenylate Deaminase
-
ALKPH
Alkaline Phosphastase
-
ATP4.3
ATPase 4.3
-
ATP4.6
ATPase 4.6
-
ATP9.4
ATPase 9.4
EST NP |
Esterase for NP |
MYOPH |
Myophoshorylase |
NADH |
NADH-TR |
PFK |
Phoshofructokinase Histochemical Stain |
SDH |
SDH |
-
EST NP
Esterase for NP
-
MYOPH
Myophoshorylase
-
NADH
NADH-TR
-
PFK
Phoshofructokinase Histochemical Stain
-
SDH
SDH
Insitu Hybridization Stains
CovSpike ISH |
SARS Cov2 spike protein RNAscope ISH |
ISH EBER |
Insitu Hybridization for Eber |
ISH HPV |
Insitu Hybridization for HPV |
-
CovSpike ISH
SARS Cov2 spike protein RNAscope ISH
-
ISH EBER
Insitu Hybridization for Eber
-
ISH HPV
Insitu Hybridization for HPV
ISH Kappa |
Insitu Hybridization for Kappa |
ISH Lambda |
Insitu Hybridization for Lambda |
-
ISH Kappa
Insitu Hybridization for Kappa
-
ISH Lambda
Insitu Hybridization for Lambda
Neuropath Frozen Tissue Stains
Alpha-sarco |
Alpha sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2D frozen muscle 17q21 |
Beta-sarco |
Beta sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2E frozen muscle 4q12 |
Delta-sarco |
Delta-sarco Delta sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2F frozen muscle 5q33.3 |
Dysferlin |
Dembrane repair, Myoshi, LGMD2B, distal myopathy, frozen muscle 2p12 |
Dystro C 6c5 |
Dystrophinopathy C-terminus clone 6C5 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystro N 12B |
Dystrophinopathy N-terminus clone 12B2 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystro N 4c7 |
Dystrophinopathy N-terminus clone 4c7 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystro R-6a9 |
Dystrophinopathy rod domain clone 6a9 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystro R-7g1 |
Dystrophinopathy rod domain clone 7g1 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystrog IIH6 |
Congenital dystrophy CMD alpha dystroglycan frozen muscle IIH6C4 3p21 |
Dystrog VIA4 |
Congenital dystrophy CMD alpha dystroglycan frozen muscle VIA4-1 3p21 |
Emerin |
Emery-Dreifuss dystrophy 1 EMD1 emerin nuclear frozen muscle Xq28 |
Gamma-sarco |
gamma sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2C frozen muscle 13q12.12 |
Laminin a2 |
Merosin congenital dystrophy MDC1A laminin alpha2 frozen muscle 6q22 |
Myosin Double |
Slow/fast myosin double stain |
Myotilin |
Myofibrillar myopathy dystrophy type 1A myotilin frozen muscle 5q31 |
Nestin |
Neuroectodermal stem-cell protein neural development filament nestin |
Parvalbumin |
Low-mw calcium-binding albumin protein GABA interneurons parvalbumin |
Spectrin |
Sarcolemmal cytoskeletal, membrane integrity, dystrophy, frozen muscle |
Utrophin |
Sarcolemmal cytoskeletal, increase in dystrophinopathy, frozen muscle |
YAP1 |
SHH or WNT pathway activation medulloblastoma YAP-1 YAP1 |
Colloidal iron |
Colloidal iron (Special Stain) |
-
Alpha-sarco
Alpha sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2D frozen muscle 17q21
-
Beta-sarco
Beta sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2E frozen muscle 4q12
-
Delta-sarco
Delta-sarco Delta sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2F frozen muscle 5q33.3
-
Dysferlin
Dembrane repair, Myoshi, LGMD2B, distal myopathy, frozen muscle 2p12
-
Dystro C 6c5
Dystrophinopathy C-terminus clone 6C5 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystro N 12B
Dystrophinopathy N-terminus clone 12B2 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystro N 4c7
Dystrophinopathy N-terminus clone 4c7 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystro R-6a9
Dystrophinopathy rod domain clone 6a9 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystro R-7g1
Dystrophinopathy rod domain clone 7g1 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystrog IIH6
Congenital dystrophy CMD alpha dystroglycan frozen muscle IIH6C4 3p21
-
Dystrog VIA4
Congenital dystrophy CMD alpha dystroglycan frozen muscle VIA4-1 3p21
-
Emerin
Emery-Dreifuss dystrophy 1 EMD1 emerin nuclear frozen muscle Xq28
-
Gamma-sarco
gamma sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2C frozen muscle 13q12.12
-
Laminin a2
Merosin congenital dystrophy MDC1A laminin alpha2 frozen muscle 6q22
-
Myosin Double
Slow/fast myosin double stain
-
Myotilin
Myofibrillar myopathy dystrophy type 1A myotilin frozen muscle 5q31
-
Nestin
Neuroectodermal stem-cell protein neural development filament nestin
-
Parvalbumin
Low-mw calcium-binding albumin protein GABA interneurons parvalbumin
-
Spectrin
Sarcolemmal cytoskeletal, membrane integrity, dystrophy, frozen muscle
-
Utrophin
Sarcolemmal cytoskeletal, increase in dystrophinopathy, frozen muscle
-
YAP1
SHH or WNT pathway activation medulloblastoma YAP-1 YAP1
-
Colloidal iron
Colloidal iron (Special Stain)
Immunohistochemistry Stains


close Immunohisto chemistry
Special Stains
AB |
Alcian Blue Stain |
AFB |
AFB Stain |
Alcian Blue |
Alcian blue-PAS |
Bielschovsky |
Bielschovsky |
Colloidal iron |
Colloidal iron |
Congo Red |
Congo Red for Amyloid |
CU |
Copper |
EVG |
Elastic Van Gieson |
FE |
Iron Stain |
FITE |
Fite Stain |
GIEM |
Giemsa |
GMS |
GMS Stain |
Gram |
Gram |
Jones |
Jones Stain |
-
AB
Alcian Blue Stain
-
AFB
AFB Stain
-
Alcian Blue
Alcian blue-PAS
-
Bielschovsky
Bielschovsky
-
Colloidal iron
Colloidal iron
-
Congo Red
Congo Red for Amyloid
-
CU
Copper
-
EVG
Elastic Van Gieson
-
FE
Iron Stain
-
FITE
Fite Stain
-
GIEM
Giemsa
-
GMS
GMS Stain
-
Gram
Gram
-
Jones
Jones Stain
KB |
Kluver-Barrera Stain |
LFB |
LFB |
Melanin |
Melanin |
Mucicarmine |
Mucicarmine |
Oil-red-O |
Oil-red-O |
PAS |
PAS Stain |
PASd |
PAS with diastase |
PASdf |
PAS Stain/Frozen tissue with distase |
Reticulin |
Reticulin |
Toluidine Blue |
Toluidine Blue |
Trichrome |
Trichrome Stain |
von Kossa |
von Kossa |
Warthin Starry |
Warthin Starry |
-
KB
Kluver-Barrera Stain
-
LFB
LFB
-
Melanin
Melanin
-
Mucicarmine
Mucicarmine
-
Oil-red-O
Oil-red-O
-
PAS
PAS Stain
-
PASd
PAS with diastase
-
PASdf
PAS Stain/Frozen tissue with distase
-
Reticulin
Reticulin
-
Toluidine Blue
Toluidine Blue
-
Trichrome
Trichrome Stain
-
von Kossa
von Kossa
-
Warthin Starry
Warthin Starry
close Special Stains
Enzyme Histochemistry
AD |
Adenylate Deaminase |
ALKPH |
Alkaline Phosphastase |
ATP4.3 |
ATPase 4.3 |
ATP4.6 |
ATPase 4.6 |
ATP9.4 |
ATPase 9.4 |
-
AD
Adenylate Deaminase
-
ALKPH
Alkaline Phosphastase
-
ATP4.3
ATPase 4.3
-
ATP4.6
ATPase 4.6
-
ATP9.4
ATPase 9.4
EST NP |
Esterase for NP |
MYOPH |
Myophoshorylase |
NADH |
NADH-TR |
PFK |
Phoshofructokinase Histochemical Stain |
SDH |
SDH |
-
EST NP
Esterase for NP
-
MYOPH
Myophoshorylase
-
NADH
NADH-TR
-
PFK
Phoshofructokinase Histochemical Stain
-
SDH
SDH
close Enzyme Histochemistry Stains
Insitu Hybridization Stains
CovSpike ISH |
SARS Cov2 spike protein RNAscope ISH |
ISH EBER |
Insitu Hybridization for Eber |
ISH HPV |
Insitu Hybridization for HPV |
-
CovSpike ISH
SARS Cov2 spike protein RNAscope ISH
-
ISH EBER
Insitu Hybridization for Eber
-
ISH HPV
Insitu Hybridization for HPV
ISH Kappa |
Insitu Hybridization for Kappa |
ISH Lambda |
Insitu Hybridization for Lambda |
-
ISH Kappa
Insitu Hybridization for Kappa
-
ISH Lambda
Insitu Hybridization for Lambda
close Insitu Hybridization Stains
Neuropath Frozen Tissue Stains
Alpha-sarco |
Alpha sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2D frozen muscle 17q21 |
Beta-sarco |
Beta sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2E frozen muscle 4q12 |
Delta-sarco |
Delta-sarco Delta sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2F frozen muscle 5q33.3 |
Dysferlin |
Dembrane repair, Myoshi, LGMD2B, distal myopathy, frozen muscle 2p12 |
Dystro C 6c5 |
Dystrophinopathy C-terminus clone 6C5 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystro N 12B |
Dystrophinopathy N-terminus clone 12B2 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystro N 4c7 |
Dystrophinopathy N-terminus clone 4c7 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystro R-6a9 |
Dystrophinopathy rod domain clone 6a9 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystro R-7g1 |
Dystrophinopathy rod domain clone 7g1 frozen muscle dystrophy |
Dystrog IIH6 |
Congenital dystrophy CMD alpha dystroglycan frozen muscle IIH6C4 3p21 |
Dystrog VIA4 |
Congenital dystrophy CMD alpha dystroglycan frozen muscle VIA4-1 3p21 |
Emerin |
Emery-Dreifuss dystrophy 1 EMD1 emerin nuclear frozen muscle Xq28 |
Gamma-sarco |
gamma sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2C frozen muscle 13q12.12 |
Laminin a2 |
Merosin congenital dystrophy MDC1A laminin alpha2 frozen muscle 6q22 |
Myosin Double |
Slow/fast myosin double stain |
Myotilin |
Myofibrillar myopathy dystrophy type 1A myotilin frozen muscle 5q31 |
Nestin |
Neuroectodermal stem-cell protein neural development filament nestin |
Parvalbumin |
Low-mw calcium-binding albumin protein GABA interneurons parvalbumin |
Spectrin |
Sarcolemmal cytoskeletal, membrane integrity, dystrophy, frozen muscle |
Utrophin |
Sarcolemmal cytoskeletal, increase in dystrophinopathy, frozen muscle |
YAP1 |
SHH or WNT pathway activation medulloblastoma YAP-1 YAP1 |
Colloidal iron |
Colloidal iron (Special Stain) |
-
Alpha-sarco
Alpha sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2D frozen muscle 17q21
-
Beta-sarco
Beta sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2E frozen muscle 4q12
-
Delta-sarco
Delta-sarco Delta sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2F frozen muscle 5q33.3
-
Dysferlin
Dembrane repair, Myoshi, LGMD2B, distal myopathy, frozen muscle 2p12
-
Dystro C 6c5
Dystrophinopathy C-terminus clone 6C5 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystro N 12B
Dystrophinopathy N-terminus clone 12B2 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystro N 4c7
Dystrophinopathy N-terminus clone 4c7 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystro R-6a9
Dystrophinopathy rod domain clone 6a9 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystro R-7g1
Dystrophinopathy rod domain clone 7g1 frozen muscle dystrophy
-
Dystrog IIH6
Congenital dystrophy CMD alpha dystroglycan frozen muscle IIH6C4 3p21
-
Dystrog VIA4
Congenital dystrophy CMD alpha dystroglycan frozen muscle VIA4-1 3p21
-
Emerin
Emery-Dreifuss dystrophy 1 EMD1 emerin nuclear frozen muscle Xq28
-
Gamma-sarco
gamma sarcoglycanopathy dystrophy LGMD 2C frozen muscle 13q12.12
-
Laminin a2
Merosin congenital dystrophy MDC1A laminin alpha2 frozen muscle 6q22
-
Myosin Double
Slow/fast myosin double stain
-
Myotilin
Myofibrillar myopathy dystrophy type 1A myotilin frozen muscle 5q31
-
Nestin
Neuroectodermal stem-cell protein neural development filament nestin
-
Parvalbumin
Low-mw calcium-binding albumin protein GABA interneurons parvalbumin
-
Spectrin
Sarcolemmal cytoskeletal, membrane integrity, dystrophy, frozen muscle
-
Utrophin
Sarcolemmal cytoskeletal, increase in dystrophinopathy, frozen muscle
-
YAP1
SHH or WNT pathway activation medulloblastoma YAP-1 YAP1
-
Colloidal iron
Colloidal iron (Special Stain)
close Neuropath Frozen
Medical Director

Yasodha Natkunam, MD, PhD
Professor of Pathology
Co-Director, Immunopathology Laboratory
Medical Director

Megan Troxell, MD, PhD
Professor of Pathology
Co-Director, Stanford Immunopathology Laboratory
Medical Director

Sebastian Fernadez-Pol, MD
Assistant Professor, Pathology
Assistant Director, Stanford Immunopathology Laboratory